Life on Mars (Earth Science Course) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Life on Mars (Earth Science Course) - Essay Example Space explorations opened new avenues and enhanced expectations of discovery of extraterrestrial life. Scientists describe six basic environmental conditions suitable for expected life. If an environment contain all these six environmental conditions within prescribed limits then it can be expected that life may exist there. The data collected by space probes negates the presence of advanced life on other planets of our solar system. But the presence of primitive life in past on some of the planets including Mars can not be ruled out. As stated above it is almost certain that no advanced life exists in the planets of solar system. But the efforts for effort for detecting primitive life in our solar system are going on. It is also believed that life can come into view because of changes of organic matter from nonorganic. It is also assumed that same process resulted in emergence of life on earth. Many scientists like American chemists Stanley L. Miller and Harold C. Urey gave experimental support for this assumption presented by Oparin. The similar organic activity was detected on Mars by the Viking landers in 1976. ( "Exobiology." The Columbia Encyclopedia. 6th ed. 2004. ) It is generally accepted that that Mars once had water, on the basis of this acceptance it is supposed that once life would have existed on the red planet in its primitive stage. Some evidences are presented in the support of this supposition in the form of reported presence of fossil bacterial life on Martian meteorite. But his evidence is not widely accepted and many scientists are of the view that it is not enough to arrive at a correct conclusion. 1.4 Fossil bacterial life found on a Martian meteorite Scientists are of the view that enough evidence of microscopic bacteria fossils was found on some the meteorites fell on various countries. In France Orgeuil meteorite fell in 1864 and on some other meteorites traces of organic material were found that indicate presence of microscopic creatures like bacteria. But another group of scientists think that the organic material was the result of some other factors and the evidences were not correctly interpreted. It is also not certain that these mateorits came from Mars Keeping in view all the above discussed information and interpretions, it is the primary aim this to analyze and discuss the possibilities of life on Mars. 2. Chronological Order Famous American Scientist Sagan Edward is known for his popular investigation of Radio emissions from Planets of Solar system. He was one of the first scientists made some correct predictions about Mars that were later found correct. He was instrumental in changing perception about Mars in those days. 2.1 The early orbiter evidences The information acquired from the data provided by early orbiters suggests that early Mars had a warm and wet atmosphere. Life can exist in such type of claim. But this type of atmosphere must have existed in the remote past. A meteorite that was

Development of Labor Unions in the United States Research Paper

Development of Labor Unions in the United States - Research Paper Example With the beginning of wage-labor regime, the modern labor movement came into the picture. This project highlights the key issues of the development of labor unions in the United States. The customary chronology report the first American labor strike in 1741. Though they didn’t protest against employers but it was against a municipal regulation regarding the price of bread. The first and second consecutive strike occurred in the year 1786 and 1791 respectively in Philadelphia. The reason of the first was that there should be a minimum wage of six dollars in a week and the second was that there should not be more than ten hours per day. The first organized strike happened by the Philadelphia shoemakers in 1799 by when it got restructured and renamed as Federal Society of Journeymen Cordwainers. These strikes over wages were the principal weapon of these primordial labor unions and they were held in peaceful manner. But gradually aggressive, violent trade unionism set in. The ind ustrial depression in America curbed trade unionism for some period to maintain their organizations. Before 1820, several trade unions were involved in the effort to cut short the average working hours from 12 to 10.When depression reached its ebb in the year 1820, belligerent trade unions again came into existence. They spread among weavers, tailors, cabinet makers and most importantly among factory workers. And that was the first time when female workers came into action. Many strikes happened during 1824-1825 in the industrial houses but the most striking was the Boston House carpenter’s strike for a ten hour day in 1825. Labor Movement of America began in 1827 with mechanics’ Union of Trade Associations in Philadelphia which is called as the first city centered trade organization in the world. Equal division of all property became prime point in the first workingmen’s meeting in New York in 1829. The first general trades’ union was organized in 1833 i n New York which became New York Trades’ Union later. After which during the twenty five year long depression between 1837-1862 the aggressive Trade Unionism vanished (Perlman, 2004, pp. 3-39). The Nation Labor Union (NLU) which formed in the year 1866 persuaded a weak protest to Congress for an 8 hour a day for Federal workers. The Knights of Labor formed in the year 1869 by Uriah Stephens but it flourished rapidly under Terrance Powdery. Since the membership was open to all types of workers they found easy to achieve a membership of about 750,000 in the next couple of years, but later on the skilled and unskilled workers got fragmented. Suddenly, the Knights found difficult and were unable to handle so much pressure at once, and after taking a hard blow in the Haymarket Square Riots  in May 1886 in Chicago, they collapsed completely. Skilled workers became tired of the unskilled workers’ labor activity and thus they were replaced easily by the high skilled one. The Knights were injured highly by false accusation of anarchistic violence. Even after this they had to face negative publicity and ultimately they were disbanded. The American Federation of Labor was

The Story Of Artemis Fowl English Literature Essay

The Story Of Artemis Fowl English Literature Essay The story of Artemis Fowl takes place in Ho Chi Minh City during the modern day or 20th century. The story begins in the summer and is about Artemis fowl, a 12 year old mastermind and the protagonist of the story ; hence the title Artemis Fowl. Artemis lives with his sick and weak mother in a machine. Artemis also has a bodyguard, named Butler, that travels with him everywhere he goes. Butler is not only his bodyguard but also his friend and companion. Butler is tremendously loyal and listens to every command Artemis throws at him. Artemis Fowl is mainly about Artemis meeting the LEP, a group of fairies with magical powers. The sprite that Artemis and Butler meets is extremely messy and is obviously an alcoholic. When they first confront her, they notice that she is very dirty, covered with mud, wearing old rags, and begging for wine. The sprite has a book, which is what Artemis wanted in the first place. Artemis wanted the book to learn about the history of the fairies and their cul ture. Artemis then tricks the fairy into giving him the book for 30 minutes, where Butler takes photos of every page and then later uploads them onto his computer where he has a copy of the book. The main conflict in the book is about Artemis family. Artemis dad, a genius like Artemis, is not mentioned much in the beginning of the story. There is a reason for that, Artemis dad is captured by the Russian Mafia when he tried to become an honest business man. He had a ship full of cola drinks for trade that sank and thats when they lost all their wealth and fortune. Artemis attempts to regain the fortune and wealth that the Fowl family lost. Artemis goes on his quest to regain the family fortune by using the book of the fairies and attempt to steal the fairy gold for his family. Regaining the family fortune is not the only reason why Artemis wants to take the gold, he also wants to help his weakened mother. Everyday Artemis sees his dying mother and that urges him to find some kind of money. Artemis mother sleeps in her bedroom all day. Juliet, a maid, takes care of Artemis mother. Characterization The storys protagonist is Artemis Fowl. Artemis Fowl is a 12-year-old mastermind and genius. He is one of the few that know about the existence of fairies, the other few being his bodyguard, Buter, and Juliet. Artemiss intelligence is highly developed compared to doctors, professors, and even psychiatrists. He reads more pschycology books than psychiatrists. Artemis can pass every test you throw at him. He has made the medical minds confused, and even sent many of them to their own hospitals. Artemis is obviously a child prodigy. Artemis uses his intelligence for criminal activities. For example, he uses his intelligence to trick the fairy into giving him the book. The fairy book was in fairy language, but that was no problem for Artemis. Artemis attempts to translate the WHOLE book from fairy language to english. He does so by trying to translate the language into Latin roots and even Greek roots. From the Latin or Greek roots he translates to english. Artemis can fluently speak man y languages including Gnommish. (The fairy language) Artemis is not athletic, but his intelligence makes up for this. Artemis is the type of boy that spends 10 hours in front of the computer screen. He doesnt do what the average kid would do and play games, instead he does heaps of research of fairy history. Title I think the title of the book Artemis Fowl is appropriate for the story, but I mainly think it is not appropriate. First off, I think the title is appropriate because the main character of the story is named Artemis Fowl. The story is about this character and thats about all that tells. On the other hand, I think the title is not appropriate because I think it is a little bland and dull. All the title says is a kids name and nothing else. With a title like that, it doesnt catch a readers eye. I think a better title would be something like Artemis Fowl and The Great Fairy Adventures because that gives a little glimpse into the story of what its going to be about. With that type of title, readers, especially kids are much more likely to read this book. Recommendation First off, this book is very good. The book just lures you into Artemiss point of view of his great adventures and quests. In this adventure filled book, readers will experience how intelligent Artemis is and how much he misses his father. Reading this book brings you along with Artemis and Butler as they meet many mythical creatures such as trolls, dwarves, and of course fairies. When finishing this book, you will already be in the library looking for the next one in the series. In my opinion, I think teenage readers would enjoy this book the most. I think this because this book is full of magic, prodigies, mythical creatures, and adventures. These elements are what teenage kids read the most these days, so this book is a wonderful book for teenagers.

The History of Jewish Persecution Essay -- Essays Papers

The History of Jewish Persecution Every religious group has suffered a time when their religion was not considered to be popular or right. Out of all of these religious groups that have suffered, no one group has suffered so much as that of the Jewish religion. They have been exiled from almost every country that they have ever inhabited, beginning with Israel, and leading all the was up to Germany, France, Spain, England, and Russia. Not only have they been exiled but also they have suffered through torture, punishment, and murder. Thus, because of the history of the religion, the Jewish people have become a very resilient people. They have survived thousands of years carrying their religion with them from one country to the next and never loosing their faith. They have traveled form Eastern Europe, to the United States and have finally managed today to settle comfortable all over North America. The Jewish religion has suffered tremendously throughout the centuries, and unfortunately it did not become a ny easier for them during the twentieth century. The Jewish people's problems began long before the Common Era; they were persecuted long ago by King Nebuchadnezzer. Because of the treaty that was signed with King Nebuchadnezzer the Jews were uprooted from their home in Jerusalem and were forced into exile in the city of Babylon. The Jews were not treated poorly, though they were bitter because of being taken away form their beloved Jerusalem. Due to this bitterness they became more intensely Jewish than ever before. (1) After seventy years of exile the Jews were allowed to return to Jerusalem. Most of them gave up this option and elected to stay in Babylon. Those who stay in Babylon became ... ...s problems in the past. Many religions would have fallen and ceased to exist under this kind of persecution. To the Jewish believer this is perhaps because they are the ‘chosen people.’ This religion continues to prove its strength and resilience even today and will continue to do so. Works Cited 1) Fast, Howard. The Jews. The Dial Press, Inc., New York:1968. 2) Goldberg, David J. The Jewish People, A History and Their Religion. Viking, New York: 87. 3) Kantor, Mattis. The Jewish Time Line Encyclopedia. Jason Aronson Inc., New Jersey: 1992. 4) Perry, Marvin. Western Civilization A Brief History (third edition). Houghton Mifflin Company, New York: 1997. 5) Perry, Marvin. Peden, Joseph R. Von Laue, Theodore H. Sources of the Western Tradition third edition). Houghton Mifflin Company, Boston: 1995.

Demonstrative Communication Paper Essay

Demonstrative communication consists of accepting and sending messages that can be silent; this can help give attention for the start of verbal communication even though a non verbal communication can transmit the message all by itself. An example of this would be facial expressions, which can be used to express most non verbal communications. According to Nayab body language along with facial expressions represent 55% of all communication. With demonstrative communication it can highlight the verbal communication for instance appropriately dressed, a nice firm handshake and conducting oneself in a professional manner while on employment interviews. Another example would be when two people meet for the first time; demonstrative communication can either show that the other person is either friendly or unpleasant by just saying the word hello. The facial expression of a smile can demonstrate whether the person is in good spirits and have a friendly personality. A good way to figure this out without the verbal communication would be the smile and other gestures through the nonverbal communication of the other person. An example of this would be a two people doing business together and when they meet for the first time and both business men smile at each other. This would be a nonverbal communication. The way that a person’s personality is shown is through their nonverbal communication. Demonstrative communication can go both ways in being effective and negative. There are many different facts that play into the nonverbal communication, like the clothes that people wear, their tattoos and possibly their hairstyles. Although these types of communications are nonverbal it does make some people a little uneasy about how they handle their business with someone with this type of communication. It does not matter what the tattoo is of. It can be misunderstood by the person that is viewing the symbol and the person with the tattoo will be labeled as a thug or someone that you should not do business with. That is why body language and facial  expressions can be very important when it comes to demonstrative communication. An example of body language that can be misunderstood would be when two people are talking and one person has their arms folded across their chest. This can be perceived as the person not listening or being considered overprotective of themselves and will not take criticism lightly. The person with the folded arms could just be cold or it is a learned gesture from their parents and that is how they listen. This is why many people would agree that demonstrative communication should not only have the nonverbal but also the verbal to go along with it so that people do not have any misunderstandings and the issue can be handled properly. According to Sutton, a person cannot fully deliver the anecdote of the day to anyone lacking words, except if the person can mime the entire tale (Sutton, 2011). Even if the person is able to mime they cannot express the entire issue perfectly. There has to be some degree of distance. This type of communication cannot always be expressed perfectly. An example of this would be that a person cannot convey the nonverbal communication over the phone and the person on the other end only has the verbal part of the communication and might take something the wrong way because they are not able to see the nonverbal part of the communication and that is where misunderstandings come in. Just like all other types of communication demonstrative communication requires listening and responding. It has been said time and time again that people receive more knowledge from someone’s actions more than their words. There are times when a person needs to listen not only with their ears but also with their eyes. An example of this would be when a new student has to get up in front of the class and introduce themselves, at first the new student may roll their eyes like so many do because they already know that it is hard enough to start school as the new kid but to have to stand up in front of everyone makes things even more intense. So the other kids have seen the new student roll their eyes but they also have to listen to what is being said because the action was just an annoyance for having to stand up in front of everyone. It is important to remember to listen as well as taking in the scene of what is going on around them. Both the verbal and nonverbal communication will create the listening and response aspect of the  communication. In today’s world all around us there are people unknowingly using demonstrative communication. Just by smiling at their neighbor or waving at someone they are using demonstrative communication. Even though this communication can be misinterpreted or misunderstood it is still wise to try and listen to see if there is anything that the person is also saying. References: ReferencesCheesebro, T., O’Connor, L., & Rios, F. (2010). Communicating in the workplace . Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Nayab, N. (2010, July 26). Different types of communication . Retrieved from http://www.brighthub.com/office/project-management/articles/79297.aspxSutton, N. (2011, March 26). Pros and cons of nonverbal communication.

Culture of China Essay

Education is one of the most important things during our life. I know the difference between Chinese education and American education. American high education is the best in the world, but when we talk about the basic education, most people will have different bifurcation. However, it is allowed in U. S. Americans think calculators go fast and are correct. So, when both students have an exam, then Chinese are better than American students. But when both students use some information tools, then Americans are really better than Chinese student. All appearance, Chinese students are better than American students when they manage and exploit cerebra, but when we compare how to use different information or how to spread cerebra, the American students are better than Chinese students. When we compare the Chinese basic education with America’s, then most people’s opinion are that Chinese education is for foundation education, and American education is for the cultivation of students’ creativity. In China, â€Å"seventy three percent people agree, and twenty four percent disagree with this. Also another three percent think Chinese education is foundation education, but student may be not learning much, while American education is for cultivating students’ creativity, but it can let students learn more. † China and America have totally different tradition and exams. Chinese education focuses on the knowledge to accumulate and indoctrinate, on how students use and manage the knowledge they learned in school, and on how to understand the knowledge system and structure. Reversely, American care more about how students use knowledge in society. It lets student challenge the knowledge, animadvert ideas, and focus on, exploit or create knowledge. These two types of attitude about education show us the different ways to understand knowledge, and also to show two countries with different education opinions. â€Å"In China, when comparing the education, sixty percent people think the best education model is uniting both advantages. It lets students have very good foundation education and good creativity. Sixty five percent disagree. Another thirty three people think, because the two types of education come from different culture, tradition and society background, it is really hard to combine. † The difference between China and America is mostly an education and knowledge difference. Such as, what is basic foundation education? We can have an example in math. In Chinese education, Chinese think it is basic to have calculation skills so everybody has to remember the entire concept. So, from elementary school to high school you are not allowed to use a calculator. American education focuses on improve student assuredness, self-determination, independence, and Chinese education focuses on strictness and preciseness. Good foundation education can improve creation; also it can improve student’s thinking. Good preciseness can improve comprehensive thinking. Also, could be an enemy to thinking. Education is culture, and different educations show different societies’ culture; the good American education system may not be good for Chinese society. So, different education has to follow the society background. Because different society backgrounds and different culture helps humans create a different country in the world, American education should be following the American’s culture. Also, Chinese education has to follow Chinese culture. A good education model for China is very important to the learning process, and also is very hard. Anyway, we only need modern education which is internationalization education system and localization education systems unite each other. That is going to improve our education skills.